Glossary

Impact Hub is the largest global network for impact entrepreneurship with over 16,000 members. The first Impact Hub was founded in London in 2005; there are now more than 100 Impact Hubs in over 50 countries. Originally conceived as a coworking space for social entrepreneurs, Impact Hubs now offer a wide range of services, from incubation programs for social start-ups and business consulting to coworking, events and workshops.

Source: Impact Hub Tirol , 2024
https:// www.tirol.impacthub.net/glossar

Ideally, inclusion means that all people living in a society live together on an equal footing. Diversity is a socially accepted reality.

Source: Ministry of Social Affairs Service, 2025, https://www.sozialministeriumservice.gv.at/Glossar/Glossar.de.html

Inclusion funding is available to companies that are required to hire employees, i.e. companies with 25 or more employees in Austria, if they employ a person with a beneficiary status. Companies that are not required to hire employees, i.e. companies with fewer than 25 employees in Austria, receive Inclusion Promotion Plus if they employ a person with a beneficiary status. In order to boost the employment of women with disabilities if the other requirements are met, Inclusion Promotion Plus is to be granted in all cases since January 1, 2020, regardless of the employment obligation. Both fixed-term and permanent employment relationships can be funded. The employee does not have to provide evidence of a disability-related performance restriction. Apprenticeships are not eligible for funding. For each beneficiary disabled person in an apprenticeship, companies already receive a bonus from the Social Ministry Service from the Equalization Tax Fund or companies can apply for the Inclusion Bonus for Apprentices for apprentices with a disability pass. If the requirements for this bonus from the Equalization Tax Fund are met, no inclusion bonus is due for this period.

Source: Ministry of Social Affairs Service, 2025, https://www.sozialministeriumservice.gv.at/Glossar/Glossar.de.html

Inclusion funding is available to companies that are required to hire employees, i.e. companies with 25 or more employees in Austria, if they employ a person with a beneficiary status. Companies that are not required to hire employees, i.e. companies with fewer than 25 employees in Austria, receive Inclusion Promotion Plus if they employ a person with a beneficiary status. In order to boost the employment of women with disabilities if the other requirements are met, Inclusion Promotion Plus has been granted since January 1, 2020 in all cases, regardless of the employment obligation, and both fixed-term and permanent employment relationships can be supported. It is not necessary to provide evidence of a disability-related performance restriction on the part of the employee. Apprenticeships are not eligible for funding. For each beneficiary disabled person in an apprenticeship, companies already receive a bonus from the Social Ministry Service from the Equalization Tax Fund or companies can apply for the Inclusion Bonus for Apprentices for apprentices with a disability pass. If the requirements for this bonus from the Equalization Tax Fund are met, no inclusion bonus is due for this period.

Source: Ministry of Social Affairs Service, 2025, https://www.sozialministeriumservice.gv.at/Glossar/Glossar.de.html

Tourist mobility is classically divided into incoming and outgoing tourism - cross-border inbound and outbound travel. The entry of nationals into tourist regions in Germany can also be referred to as inbound tourism, but is generally subsumed under the term domestic or inbound tourism (domestic travel by nationals).
Accordingly, incoming tourism refers to cross-border tourism by foreigners to the domestic market (inbound tourism). This can be either self-organized or offered by tour operators with the help of package tours.
In the case of self-organized trips, the majority of the payments (including the tax portion) are usually made in the destination country; bookings for accommodation and events may be made in advance via corresponding travel portals that are not based in the destination country. In the case of package tours, the entire travel price (and payment of taxes) is initially incurred in the country in which the tour operator is based. In this case, payments are then made by the tour operator to the (foreign) service providers in the destination country.

Source: Fuchs, W. (2021). Tourism, hotels and gastronomy from A to Z. Walter de Gruyter.

Originally a medical term, incubator means "incubator". In the business world, however, it is not babies that are brought into the world here, but start-ups. Incubators are funding programs for start-ups in the early stages. In contrast to an accelerator, it is not about acceleration, but rather about creating the ideal conditions for the start. Startups often receive intensive coaching and mentoring as well as workspaces.

Source: Impact Hub Tirol, 2024
https://www.tirol.impacthub.net/glossar

The direct value added is that generated by the suppliers of tourism service providers (hotels, restaurants, cable car companies, etc.). Indirect value added, however, also extends to the suppliers, who in turn supply the immediate upstream suppliers and service providers, etc.

Source: WKO and MCI, Tourism in Tyrol - The driving economic force, 2014

A trip that is organized and carried out without the use of a tour operator. It is the counterpart to the package tour.
Just as the term 'package' is perceived by many as having negative connotations, 'individual' is often seen as something particularly positive. This is why many consider an individual trip to be something better and of higher quality than a package tour. This is in contrast to the fact that the average price of package tours is significantly higher than that of individual tours.

Source: Fuchs, W. (2021). Tourism, hotels and gastronomy from A to Z. Walter de Gruyter.

In Industry 4.0, the production of economic goods is interlinked with modern information and communication technology. Digital, intelligent technologies and the networking of man and machine are increasingly enabling self-organized production.

Source: Austrian Federal Economic Chamber, 2024
https://www.wko.at/oe/tourismus-freizeitwirtschaft/digitalunterwegs-lang.pdf

We define social innovation as the development of new ideas, services, products and processes to better tackle social challenges. Innovation in our sense always includes an ecological and social dimension. The claim to novelty and market success of innovations is based on measurable impact for social and ecological challenges. Examples of social innovations include citizen participation, urban gardening, repair cafés, Wikipedia, microcredits and the unconditional basic income.

Source: Impact Hub Tirol, 2024
https://www.tirol.impacthub.net/glossar

Innovation brokers are people with in-depth knowledge, experience and contacts in the field of innovative information technology. They act as contacts and advisors so that (inexperienced) stakeholders can benefit from innovative developments. They pass on knowledge, introduce new, unconventional approaches to solutions and bring different people and organizations into contact so that they can benefit from each other.

Austrian Federal Economic Chamber, 2024
Source: https://www.wko.at/oe/tourismus-freizeitwirtschaft/digitalunterwegs-lang.pdf

A lab is a physical or virtual space that is open to innovative ideas. Through its virtual and/or real infrastructure, the lab enables open collaboration between interested parties.

Source: Austrian Federal Economic Chamber, 2024
https://www.wko.at/oe/tourismus-freizeitwirtschaft/digitalunterwegs-lang.pdf

Input-output analysis is a modeling technique that divides the economy into final demand and production and takes into account the direct and indirect interrelationships between different sectors. Various researchers have empirically demonstrated the relationship between economic fundamentals and input-output models. The technique was introduced by Wassily Leontief in the 1930s and adapted for regional analysis by Walter Isard in the 1950s. Input-output analysis requires regional reports that capture transactions between different sectors of the economy for a given period.

Source: Munroe, D. K. & Biles, J. J. (2005). Regional Science. In Elsevier eBooks (pp. 325-335).
doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-369398-5/00365-0

In principle, people with disabilities have access to all measures of general labor market policy and also to corresponding support in the sense of disability mainstreaming. However, special life situations, age and life course, special forms of impairment or the combination of disabilities with other backgrounds, which may make participation more difficult, result in a specific need for support in the workplace or on the way into the labor market.

Source: Ministry of Social Affairs Service, 2025, https://www.sozialministeriumservice.gv.at/Glossar/Glossar.de.html

Integrative companies are facilities for the professional integration of people with disabilities who, due to the extent of their disabilities, are not yet or not again able to work on the general labor market. integrative companies are managed in the legal form of limited liability companies according to commercial principles. The integrative companies are only compensated for the disadvantages that arise from employing people with disabilities compared to other companies. This puts integrative companies on an equal footing with other companies. Like other companies, they have to compete freely on the market with their products and services. There are eight integrative businesses with over 20 branches throughout Austria.

Source: Ministry of Social Affairs Service, 2025, https://www.sozialministeriumservice.gv.at/Glossar/Glossar.de.html

The International Air Transport Association (IATA), based in Geneva and Montreal, was founded in Havana in 1945 as an umbrella organization for commercial international scheduled air transport companies. Its predecessor organization from 1919 was the International Air Traffic Association. The association functions in three main areas: as a trade association, in fare coordination and provides industry services, which are financed by the participating companies. Other tasks include the legal and technical coordination of international air traffic.

Source: IATA, 2024
https://www.iata.org/en/about/

The ICRET International Center for Research and Education in Tourism sees itself as a dynamic network consisting of representatives of science and practice, primarily in the Alpine region, which on the one hand fosters the exchange of ideas and information and on the other hand generates new findings to increase the competitiveness and development capacity of Alpine tourism in particular.

Source: International Center for Research and Education in Tourism
http://www.icret.com/ueber_icret/

The International Civil Aviation Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with headquarters in Montreal, Canada. The aim of the organization is to promote the sustainable growth of the global civil aviation system.

Source: International Civil Aviation Organization
https://www.icao.int/about-icao/Pages/default.aspx

It is no longer just computers that have been networked with the internet and with each other, but also everyday objects. The latter is referred to as the Internet of Things. This refers to all conceivable devices and systems, regardless of whether they are vending machines, industrial plants, medical equipment, vehicles or entire buildings.

Source: WKO, 2024
https://www.wko.at/oe/tourismus-freizeitwirtschaft/digitalunterwegs-lang.pdf

Different forms of discrimination (e.g. based on origin, class, nationality, sexuality and age) cannot be separated from one another, which is what the term "intersectionality" aims to express. Intersectional theory aims to analyze different positions of social inequality and to show their overlaps, but also their interactions. A Muslim, lesbian mother can be affected by sexism, Islamophobia and homophobia and thus experience exclusion in very different situations. These discriminations do not simply add up, but lead to a very specific experience, for example not being addressed as a lesbian Muslim mother in an exchange of rainbow families.

Source: No to racism, 2022, https://www.notoracism.ch/glossar